Clinical presentation of calmodulin mutations: the International Calmodulinopathy Registry

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  • Lia Crotti
  • Carla Spazzolini
  • Mette Nyegaard
  • Michael T. Overgaard
  • Maria Christina Kotta
  • Federica Dagradi
  • Luca Sala
  • Takeshi Aiba
  • Mark D. Ayers
  • Anwar Baban
  • Julien Barc
  • Cheyenne M. Beach
  • Elijah R. Behr
  • J. Martijn Bos
  • Marina Cerrone
  • Peter Covi
  • Bettina Cuneo
  • Isabelle Denjoy
  • Birgit Donner
  • Adrienne Elbert
  • Håkan Eliasson
  • Susan P. Etheridge
  • Megumi Fukuyama
  • Francesca Girolami
  • Robert Hamilton
  • Minoru Horie
  • Maria Iascone
  • Juan Jiménez Jaimez
  • Henrik Kjærulf Jensen
  • Prince J. Kannankeril
  • Juan P. Kaski
  • Naomasa Makita
  • Carmen Muñoz-Esparza
  • Hans H. Odland
  • Seiko Ohno
  • John Papagiannis
  • Alessandra Pia Porretta
  • Christopher Prandstetter
  • Vincent Probst
  • Tomas Robyns
  • Eric Rosenthal
  • Ferran Rosés-Noguer
  • Nicole Sekarski
  • Anoop Singh
  • Georgia Spentzou
  • Fridrike Stute
  • Jan Till
  • Kathryn E. Tobert
  • Jeffrey M. Vinocur
  • Gregory Webster
  • Arthur A.M. Wilde
  • Cordula M. Wolf
  • Michael J. Ackerman
  • Peter J. Schwartz

AIMS: Calmodulinopathy due to mutations in any of the three CALM genes (CALM1-3) causes life-threatening arrhythmia syndromes, especially in young individuals. The International Calmodulinopathy Registry (ICalmR) aims to define and link the increasing complexity of the clinical presentation to the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ICalmR is an international, collaborative, observational study, assembling and analysing clinical and genetic data on CALM-positive patients. The ICalmR has enrolled 140 subjects (median age 10.8 years [interquartile range 5-19]), 97 index cases and 43 family members. CALM-LQTS and CALM-CPVT are the prevalent phenotypes. Primary neurological manifestations, unrelated to post-anoxic sequelae, manifested in 20 patients. Calmodulinopathy remains associated with a high arrhythmic event rate (symptomatic patients, n = 103, 74%). However, compared with the original 2019 cohort, there was a reduced frequency and severity of all cardiac events (61% vs. 85%; P = .001) and sudden death (9% vs. 27%; P = .008). Data on therapy do not allow definitive recommendations. Cardiac structural abnormalities, either cardiomyopathy or congenital heart defects, are present in 30% of patients, mainly CALM-LQTS, and lethal cases of heart failure have occurred. The number of familial cases and of families with strikingly different phenotypes is increasing. CONCLUSION: Calmodulinopathy has pleiotropic presentations, from channelopathy to syndromic forms. Clinical severity ranges from the early onset of life-threatening arrhythmias to the absence of symptoms, and the percentage of milder and familial forms is increasing. There are no hard data to guide therapy, and current management includes pharmacological and surgical antiadrenergic interventions with sodium channel blockers often accompanied by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEuropean Heart Journal
Volume44
Issue number35
Pages (from-to)3357-3370
ISSN0195-668X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

    Research areas

  • Calmodulin, Cardiomyopathies, Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, Long QT syndrome, Neurological disorders, Sudden death

ID: 368248384