Concentrations of citalopram and escitalopram in postmortem hair segments
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
Standard
Concentrations of citalopram and escitalopram in postmortem hair segments. / Rygaard, Karen; Nielsen, Marie Katrine Klose; Linnet, Kristian; Banner, Jytte; Johansen, Sys Stybe.
I: Forensic Science International, Bind 336, 111349, 2022.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Concentrations of citalopram and escitalopram in postmortem hair segments
AU - Rygaard, Karen
AU - Nielsen, Marie Katrine Klose
AU - Linnet, Kristian
AU - Banner, Jytte
AU - Johansen, Sys Stybe
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Hair analysis can provide information regarding previous drug intake and use patterns, as the drugs consumed are incorporated into the hair. Therefore, reference values for drugs in hair are valuable in forensic investigations, especially when evaluating drug intake and assessing drug tolerance. The aim of the study was to determine concentrations of citalopram, escitalopram, and their primary metabolites in hair segments from deceased individuals with mental illness. Concentrations in up to six months prior to death were evaluated and compared with the estimated daily doses. Hair samples collected from 47 deceased individuals, were segmented in one to six 1 cm segments, and extracted overnight in medium. The concentrations in hair were quantified via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Following this quantification, the extracts were reanalyzed qualitatively using a chiral method to distinguish between citalopram and escitalopram intake. We found hair concentrations (10–90 percentile (perc.)) of citalopram from 0.12 to 67 ng/mg with a median of 8.2 ng/mg (N = 40 individuals, n = 182 segments) and of escitalopram from 0.027 to 7.0 ng/mg with a median of 3.9 ng/mg (N = 4, n = 23). The metabolite-to-drug ratios in hair (10–90 perc.) of citalopram were 0.091–0.57 with a median of 0.30 (N = 39) and of escitalopram were 0.053–0.63 with a median of 0.41 (N = 3). No correlations were found between concentrations in the hair and the estimated daily dose. However, our results indicate higher concentrations in dark hair compared to light hair, given the estimated doses, and thus an influence of hair color on the results. A significant positive correlation was found between the concentration of citalopram in the proximal segment and the blood concentrations. The median R/S-ratio of citalopram in hair was 1.5 and was similar to previously reported ratios in blood. In the present study, we report concentrations of citalopram and escitalopram in postmortem hair and their relation to an estimated daily dose and thus contribute valuable information in forensic investigations.
AB - Hair analysis can provide information regarding previous drug intake and use patterns, as the drugs consumed are incorporated into the hair. Therefore, reference values for drugs in hair are valuable in forensic investigations, especially when evaluating drug intake and assessing drug tolerance. The aim of the study was to determine concentrations of citalopram, escitalopram, and their primary metabolites in hair segments from deceased individuals with mental illness. Concentrations in up to six months prior to death were evaluated and compared with the estimated daily doses. Hair samples collected from 47 deceased individuals, were segmented in one to six 1 cm segments, and extracted overnight in medium. The concentrations in hair were quantified via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Following this quantification, the extracts were reanalyzed qualitatively using a chiral method to distinguish between citalopram and escitalopram intake. We found hair concentrations (10–90 percentile (perc.)) of citalopram from 0.12 to 67 ng/mg with a median of 8.2 ng/mg (N = 40 individuals, n = 182 segments) and of escitalopram from 0.027 to 7.0 ng/mg with a median of 3.9 ng/mg (N = 4, n = 23). The metabolite-to-drug ratios in hair (10–90 perc.) of citalopram were 0.091–0.57 with a median of 0.30 (N = 39) and of escitalopram were 0.053–0.63 with a median of 0.41 (N = 3). No correlations were found between concentrations in the hair and the estimated daily dose. However, our results indicate higher concentrations in dark hair compared to light hair, given the estimated doses, and thus an influence of hair color on the results. A significant positive correlation was found between the concentration of citalopram in the proximal segment and the blood concentrations. The median R/S-ratio of citalopram in hair was 1.5 and was similar to previously reported ratios in blood. In the present study, we report concentrations of citalopram and escitalopram in postmortem hair and their relation to an estimated daily dose and thus contribute valuable information in forensic investigations.
KW - Antidepressant
KW - Chiral separation
KW - Dose-concentration relation
KW - Metabolite-to-drug ratio
KW - Postmortem blood
KW - UHPLC–MS/MS
U2 - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111349
DO - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111349
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35660811
AN - SCOPUS:85131642597
VL - 336
JO - Forensic Science International
JF - Forensic Science International
SN - 0379-0738
M1 - 111349
ER -
ID: 310912696