Comparison of phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors use in eight European cities through analysis of urban wastewater
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
Standard
Comparison of phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors use in eight European cities through analysis of urban wastewater. / Causanilles, Ana; Rojas Cantillano, Daniela; Emke, Erik; Bade, Richard; Baz-Lomba, Jose Antonio; Castiglioni, Sara; Castrignanò, Erika; Gracia-Lor, Emma; Hernández, Félix; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kinyua, Juliet; McCall, Ann Kathrin; van Nuijs, Alexander L.N.; Plósz, Benedek G.; Ramin, Pedram; Rousis, Nikolaos I.; Ryu, Yeonsuk; Thomas, Kevin V.; de Voogt, Pim.
I: Environment International, Bind 115, 06.2018, s. 279-284.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparison of phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors use in eight European cities through analysis of urban wastewater
AU - Causanilles, Ana
AU - Rojas Cantillano, Daniela
AU - Emke, Erik
AU - Bade, Richard
AU - Baz-Lomba, Jose Antonio
AU - Castiglioni, Sara
AU - Castrignanò, Erika
AU - Gracia-Lor, Emma
AU - Hernández, Félix
AU - Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara
AU - Kinyua, Juliet
AU - McCall, Ann Kathrin
AU - van Nuijs, Alexander L.N.
AU - Plósz, Benedek G.
AU - Ramin, Pedram
AU - Rousis, Nikolaos I.
AU - Ryu, Yeonsuk
AU - Thomas, Kevin V.
AU - de Voogt, Pim
N1 - Funding Information: This work is part of the EU Marie Curie ITN SEWPROF (Marie Curie-FP7-PEOPLE, grant number 317205) and the financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank the people and agencies that assisted in the collection of the wastewater samples and the national prescription data. Alexander van Nuijs acknowledges the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for his scholarship. Authors also wish to acknowledge dr. Christoph Ort from Eawag for his advice and contribution to discussions. Publisher Copyright: © 2018
PY - 2018/6
Y1 - 2018/6
N2 - In this work a step forward in investigating the use of prescription drugs, namely erectile dysfunction products, at European level was taken by applying the wastewater-based epidemiology approach. 24-h composite samples of untreated wastewater were collected at the entrance of eight wastewater treatment plants serving the catchment within the cities of Bristol, Brussels, Castellón, Copenhagen, Milan, Oslo, Utrecht and Zurich. A validated analytical procedure with direct injection of filtered aliquots by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied. The target list included the three active pharmaceutical ingredients (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil) together with (bio)transformation products and other analogues. Only sildenafil and its two human urinary metabolites desmethyl- and desethylsildenafil were detected in the samples with concentrations reaching 60 ng L−1. The concentrations were transformed into normalized measured loads and the estimated actual consumption of sildenafil was back-calculated from these loads. In addition, national prescription data from five countries was gathered in the form of the number of prescribed daily doses and transformed into predicted loads for comparison. This comparison resulted in the evidence of a different spatial trend across Europe. In Utrecht and Brussels, prescription data could only partly explain the total amount found in wastewater; whereas in Bristol, the comparison was in agreement; and in Milan and Oslo a lower amount was found in wastewater than expected from the prescription data. This study illustrates the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology to investigate the use of counterfeit medication and rogue online pharmacy sales.
AB - In this work a step forward in investigating the use of prescription drugs, namely erectile dysfunction products, at European level was taken by applying the wastewater-based epidemiology approach. 24-h composite samples of untreated wastewater were collected at the entrance of eight wastewater treatment plants serving the catchment within the cities of Bristol, Brussels, Castellón, Copenhagen, Milan, Oslo, Utrecht and Zurich. A validated analytical procedure with direct injection of filtered aliquots by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied. The target list included the three active pharmaceutical ingredients (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil) together with (bio)transformation products and other analogues. Only sildenafil and its two human urinary metabolites desmethyl- and desethylsildenafil were detected in the samples with concentrations reaching 60 ng L−1. The concentrations were transformed into normalized measured loads and the estimated actual consumption of sildenafil was back-calculated from these loads. In addition, national prescription data from five countries was gathered in the form of the number of prescribed daily doses and transformed into predicted loads for comparison. This comparison resulted in the evidence of a different spatial trend across Europe. In Utrecht and Brussels, prescription data could only partly explain the total amount found in wastewater; whereas in Bristol, the comparison was in agreement; and in Milan and Oslo a lower amount was found in wastewater than expected from the prescription data. This study illustrates the potential of wastewater-based epidemiology to investigate the use of counterfeit medication and rogue online pharmacy sales.
KW - Consumption
KW - Counterfeit
KW - Erectile dysfunction
KW - LC-MS/MS
KW - Prescription drugs
KW - Wastewater-based epidemiology
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.039
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.039
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 29621715
AN - SCOPUS:85044734930
VL - 115
SP - 279
EP - 284
JO - Environment international
JF - Environment international
SN - 0160-4120
ER -
ID: 275536646